Type specimens of Polyplacophora present in the collec­tions of the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (RMNH), and the Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam (ZMA), now merged in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, are listed. In total there is type material of 183 different species, consist­ing of 87 primary types (including 41 pro parte types) and 197 secondary type samples. On two plates are depicted the original coloured drawings of the newly described species by Nierstrasz (1905) published in ‘’Der Chitonen der Siboga Expedition’’. In addition an overview of all recent polypla­cophoran species present in the two major molluscan col­lections in the Netherlands (Naturalis Biodiversity Center and Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam (NMR)) is pre­sented, including localities (country level) and number of samples. The history of the collections from both former RMNH, ZMA and NMR is summarized.